Steam-turbine.



No. 643,938. Patented Feb. 20, 1900. J. F. BRADY.

STEAM TURBINE.

'Application filed July 24, 1899., No Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet I.

WITNESSES:

/@J @M #J N THE "sails vrrzns m. mo re-Lumen msnmqpm u c.

Patented Feb. 20, I900.

J. F. BRADY.

STEAM TURBINE.

{Application filed July 2?, 189 9 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

4 Avril/116F 27 En 555E55 WITNESSES:

m: NORNS PETERS ca, Pumaurua, wnsumcwu, 04 c,

" UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN F. BRADY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

STEAM-TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 643,938, dated February 20, 1900.

Application filed July 24, 1899. fierial No. 724,979. (No model.)

have invented a new and useful Steam-Turbine, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to steamturbines; but the same may be actuated by any gas under pressure.

My object is to provide a construction adapted to withstand and to utilize for power either steam or gas under very high pressures and in which the several revolving parts are not subjected to undue frictional contact on account of such high pressures.

Another object is to so arrange the operative parts that a turbine may be altered to several different sizes without increasing the diameter of the largest revolving parts upon which the steam operates, but by simply adding additional similar parts of the same diameter and increasing the length of the central shaft, as is hereinafter fully described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is an axial vertical section of the principal operative parts, together with the exhaust-steam case, broken away to an axial section in parts to illustrate manner of mounting the axial portion of the turbine centrally within the case, which latter serves also as a frame. Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are respectively outside, edge, and inside elevations of one of the turbine-disks and also illustrate the form of both of the outside turbine-disks, as is shown hereinafter. Fig. 5 is a side elevation .of an inside turbine-disk looking in the direction indicated by arrow 9 in Fig. 6, which latter is an edge elevation of the inside turbinedisk, together with a side elevation of the central shaft, upon which it is mounted. Fig. 7 is a cross-section down through two series of vanes between two disks to illustrate the oppositely-inclined steam passage-ways formed by the vanes of the opposing disks when in proper operative position. Fig. 8 is a vertical axial section of a modification of the turbine illustrated in Fig. 1 to show method of increasing-the size in order to develop more power by adding more vane-disks, as is herein more fully explained.

Similar letters indicate like parts throughout the several views.

The exhaust-steam case A is a circular shell similar to what is used in an ordinary rotary blower, and at the axial portion thereof are bosses B and O, in which are mounted laterally-projecting journals D and E of the sides of the principal vane-disks F and G. In this instance vane-disks F and G are flanged at the peripheral edges and, being concave in shape, are bolted together around the margin, so as to leave a hollow chamber between them. All around the sides near the peripheral margins are exhaust-holes, as shown in Figs. 2, 4, and 7 at H, which lead out of the chamber into the interior of the case A.

Mounted through the journals D and E is a shaftI, which may be hollow throughout its entire length, as shown in Fig. 8, or through only a portion of its length, as shown in Fig. 1. At the central portion and between vanedisks F and G is a chamber in which shaft I is enlarged, and through this enlarged portion are a number of holes J, which serve as passage-ways for steam between the hollow portion of the shaft and the space between vanedisks F and G. Mounted upon shaft I and securely afiixed thereto is a vane-disk K.

Projecting inwardly from each of the vanedisks F and G are circular rows of vanes, such as L and M, and projecting outwardly from each side face of vane-diskK are circular rows of vanes N and O, the rows of vanes in disk K being adapted to rotate between and in the same plane as the rows of vanes in disks F and G and the vanes in the disk K being disposed so that the steam passageways between them subtend an angle to a radial line the opposite to that of the opposing vanes in disks F and G.

At the outer end of journal Eof vane-disk G is a bevel cog wheel P, Fig. 1, and at the outer end of shaft I is a bevel cog-wheel Q, and at R is a larger bevel cog-wheel mounted upon shaft S and engaged with cog-wheels? and G.

In the drawings, Figs. 2, 3, 1, 5, 6, and 7 are shown on a small scale and intended to more clearly illustrate the form of the vane-disks than is shown in Fig. 1, and the number of rows of vanes and the size of the vanes are not the same as is shown in Fig. 1, since in these figures the vanes shown are to illustrate their relative arrangement and manner of action only.

Steam being admitted into the turbine through hollow shaft I and the holes J therein, the first row of vanes T directs it substantially squarely against the second circle of vanes U, and the passage-ways between the vanes in circle U direct the steam against the vanes in circle V, and So on, centrifugally, through the passage-ways of all the outwardlysucceeding circles of vanes, until the steam passes out into the exhaust-case through the peripheral holes H, such action of the steam causing the attached disks F and G to revolve in one direction and the inner vanedisk K to revolve in the opposite direction, the cog-wheels P and G transmitting the motion to shaft S in one direction through cogwheel R.

In Fig. 8 is shown a turbine which is substantially the same as in Fig. 1; but an additional inner vane-disk attached to shaft I is shown at W, and a vane-disk is shown at X, wh-ichis attached at its peripheral edge to the outer disks F and G through the medium of the bolts Y and the filling or band Z between the peripheral portions of outer disks F and G, through or under which the bolts pass. It is obvious that a greater number of additional vane-disks may be utilized than is shown in Fig. 8 by lengthening the shaft I between the shoulders of the enlarged portion and by separating the outer disks farther apart and by increasing the width of the case A.

The interspace between the outer vanedisks F and G may be increased to several times the width shown in Fig. 8 in order to utilize a large volume of steam under pressure with a series of disks and vanes of comparatively-small diameter, but adapted to revolve at a very high rate of speed.

I claim as my invention 1. In a steam-turbine, two revoluble vanedisks peripherally connected,and each mounted apart upon a separate hollow journal so as to form an interspace, a revoluble shaft mounted axially through the journals of the disks, and a vane-disk firmly mounted on the shaft within the inter-space, and passageways leadinginto the interspace from a source of steam-supply, a series of circles of vanes, and each vane disposed at the angle substantially as stated, and projecting from the walls of the interspace, and a series of circles of vanes, each disposed at an angle to the firstnamed vanes and projecting from the sides of the shaft-disk, and adapted to revolve between and in a similar plane to the series of circles of vanes of the walls of the interspace, and in an opposite direction, by virtue of the action of steam, substantially as stated.

2. In a steam-turbine, two revoluble vanedisks peripherally connected,and each mounted apart upon a separate hollow journal so as to form an interspace, a revoluble shaft mounted axially through the journals of the disks, and a vane-disk firmly mounted on the shaft Within the interspace, an axial passageway in the shaft in communication with a steam-suppl y, and passage-ways through the sides of the shaft leading into the interspace, a series of circles of vanes, each disposed at the angle substantially as described, and projecting from the walls of the interspace, and a series of circles of vanes each disposed at an angle to the first-named vanes, and projecting from the sides of the shaft-disk, and adapted to revolve by the action of steam between and in a similar plane to the series of circles of vanes of the walls of the interspace, and in an opposite direction thereto, as stated.

JOHN F. BRADY.

Witnesses:

OSCAR SNELL, H. L. BROWN. 

